Nearly 41,000 women will die this year of breast cancer. Regular mammograms can detect signs of the disease in its early stages, and improve the chance of survival. In addition to regular self-examinations, the American Cancer Society recommends mammograms annually for women over 40, and every three years for women aged 20-39.

About 40,800 women will die of breast cancer this year. About 182,800 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, after lung disease. Data from the American Cancer Society Web site, August 2000

"Will it hurt?" "Are there different types of mammograms?" "What does an 'abnormal' mammogram mean?" "When will I receive the results of the mammogram?"

What It Is
An x-ray image of each breast, taken from the top and from the side.

How It's Performed
A mammogram is performed using a special x-ray machine that's very different from the kind used for chest or bone x-rays. This is because breasts are composed of tissues which are very similar, and changes or abnormalities in breast tissue are often subtle. The mammogram machine, film, and developing process are specially designed to capture these subtle differences.

In a standard mammogram, two images of each breast are taken--one from the top (called a cranio-caudal or CC view) and one from the side (called a mediolateral oblique or MLO view). This ensures that the images display as much breast tissue as possible.

What to Expect During the Exam
The exam itself is simple, and the x-ray portion typically takes about 5 minutes. A technician will explain how you should stand or lean, and where to place your arms. Your breast will be positioned on the bottom surface plate of the mammography machine, compressing the breast and spreading out the tissue to be sure all of the breast is visible on the x-ray film. Gradually, a plastic surface plate will be lowered down until your breast is pressed between the machine's two horizontal surfaces. At this point you will be asked to hold your breath and be still while the x-ray is taken. The machine usually takes several seconds to take its picture, and then the pressure on your breast is released.

The technologist will take two images of each breast, one in each of two views. Much of your time in the exam room is spent getting your position just right to produce the most complete breast image. Obtaining each image, the part of the procedure that requires compression of the breast, takes only a few seconds. Although this may be uncomfortable, it will not harm your breasts in any way and is extremely important for obtaining a clear image. Compression of the breast is also beneficial because it results in you receiving a lower dose of radiation.

[ Print these Tips for Making Your Mammogram Easier ]